Post-consumer polyethylene terephthalate (number 1), also known as PET, is often used as the raw material for a range of products. To obtain the pure PET, the recycled items, such as plastic bottles and containers(the main use for PET), are first inspected for any non PET materials. These materials are then removed and the PET items are sorted into different color fractions, cleaned, and prepared for processing. This sorted post-consumer PET waste is crushed, chopped into flakes, pressed into bales, and offered for sale.

One use for this pet bottle recycling line that has recently started to become popular is to create fabrics to be used in the clothing industry. The fabrics are created by spinning the PET flakes into thread and yarn.This is done just as easily as creating polyester from brand new PET.The recycled PET thread or yarn can be used either alone or together with other fibers to create a very wide variety of fabrics. Traditionally these fabrics were used to create strong, durable, rough, products, such as jackets, coat, shoes, bags, hats, and accessories. However, these fabrics are usually too rough on the skin and could cause irritation. Therefore, they usually are not used on any clothing that may irritate the skin, or where comfort is required.But in today’s new eco-friendly world there has been more of a demand for “green” products. As a result, many clothing companies have started looking for ways to take advantage of this new market and new innovations in the use of pet bottle recycling line fabric are beginning to develop. These innovations included different ways to process the fabric, to use the fabric, or blend the fabric with other materials. Some of the fabrics that are leading the industry in these innovations include Billabong's Eco-Supreme Suede, Livity's Rip-Tide III, Wellman Inc's Eco-fi(formerly known as EcoSpun), and Reware's Rewoven. Some additional companies that take pride in using recycled PET in their products are Crazy Shirts and Playback .

PVC- or Vinyl Recycling has historically been difficult to perfect on the industrial scale.  But within the last decade several viable methods for recycling or upcycling PVC plastic have been developed.
The most-often recycled plastic[citation needed], HDPE or number 2, is downcycled into plastic lumber, tables, roadside curbs, benches, truck cargo liners, trash receptacles, stationery (e.g. rulers) and other durable plastic products and is usually in demand.

The white plastic foam peanuts used as packing material are often accepted by shipping stores for reuse.
In Israel successful trials have shown that plastic films recovered from mixed municipal waste streams can be recycled into useful household products such as buckets.

Similarly, agricultural plastics such as mulch film, drip tape and silage bags are being diverted from the waste stream and plastic recycling machine   into much larger products for industrial applications such as plastic composite railroad ties. Historically, these agricultural plastics have primarily been either landfilled or burned on-site in the fields of individual farms.

CNN reports that Indian Dr. S. Madhu of the Kerala Highway Research Institute has formulated a road surface that includes recycled plastic. Aggregate, bitumen (asphalt) with plastic that has been shredded and melted at a temperature below 220 degrees C (428 °F) to avoid pollution. This road surface is claimed to be very durable and monsoon rain resistant. The plastic is sorted by hand, which is economical in India. The test road used 60 kg of plastic for an approx. 500m long, 8m wide, two-lane road.

Plastic recycling rates lag far behind those of other items, such as newspaper (about 80%) and corrugated fiberboard (about 70%). Low national plastic recycling rates have been due to the complexity of sorting and processing, unfavorable economics, and consumer confusion about which plastics can actually be recycled. Part of the confusion has been due to the plastic recycling machinery that is usually on all plastic items. This symbol is called a resin identification code. It is stamped or printed on the bottom of containers and surrounded by a triangle of arrows. (See the table in Plastic.) The intent of these arrows was to make it easier to identify plastics for recycling. The recycling symbol doesn’t necessarily mean that the item will be accepted by plastic recycling machinery. They just indicate the plastic resin content.

Seven groups of plastic polymers, each with specific properties, are used worldwide for packaging applications (see table below). Each group of plastic polymer can be identified by its Plastic Identification code (PIC) - usually a number or a letter abbreviation. For instance, Low-Density Polyethylene can be identified by the number 4 and/or the letters "LDPE". The PIC appears inside a three-chasing arrow recycling symbol. The symbol is used to indicate whether the plastic can be recycled into new products.

The PIC was introduced by the Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc. which provides a uniform system for the identification of different polymer types and helps recycling companies to separate different plastics for reprocessing. Manufacturers of plastic products are required to use PIC labels in some countries/regions  and can voluntarily mark their products with the PIC where there are no requirements. Consumers can identify the plastic types based on the codes usually found at the base or at the side of the plastic products, including food/chemical packaging and containers. The PIC is usually not present on packaging films, as it is not practical to collect and pet bottle recycling line most of this type of waste.
The quantity of post-consumer plastics recycled has increased every year since at least 1990. In 2006 the amount of plastic bottles recycled reached a record high of 2.2 trillion pounds.

The amount of PET bottles recycled in 2006 increased more than 102 million pounds compared to 2005.

HDPE bottle recycling increased in 2005 to 928 million pounds.

All plastic bottles were recycled at a rate of 24 percent in 2005.

from: answers

Plastic recycling machine is the process of recovering scrap or waste plastics and reprocessing the material into useful products, sometimes completely different in form from their original state. For instance, this could mean melting down soft drink bottles then casting them as plastic chairs and tables.

Before recycling, plastics are sorted according to their resin identification code, a method of categorization of polymer types, which was developed by the Society of the Plastics Industry in 1988. Polyethylene terephthalate, commonly referred to as PET, for instance, has a resin code of 1.

When compared to other materials like glass and metal materials, plastic recycling machinery require greater processing to be recycled.  Plastics have a low entropy of mixing, which is due to the high molecular weight of their large polymer chains. A macromolecule interacts with its environment along its entire length, so its enthalpy of mixing is large compared to that of an organic molecule with a similar structure. Heating alone is not enough to dissolve such a large molecule; because of this, plastics must often be of nearly identical composition in order to mix efficiently.

When different types of plastics are melted together they tend to phase-separate, like oil and water, and set in these layers. The phase boundaries cause structural weakness in the resulting material, meaning that polymer blends are only useful in limited applications.

Another barrier to recycling is the widespread use of dyes, fillers, and other additives in plastics. The polymer is generally too viscous to economically remove fillers, and would be damaged by many of the processes that could cheaply remove the added dyes. Additives are less widely used in beverage containers and plastic bags, allowing them to be recycled more frequently.

The use of biodegradable plastics is increasing. If some of these get mixed in the other plastics for recycling, the reclaimed plastic is not recyclable because the variance in properties and melt temperatures.

Many such problems can be resolved by using a more elaborate monomer pet bottle recycling line , in which a condensation polymer essentially undergoes the inverse of the polymerization reaction used to manufacture it. This yields the same mix of chemicals that formed the original polymer, which can be purified and used to synthesize new polymer chains of the same type. Du Pont opened a pilot plant of this type in Cape Fear, North Carolina, USA, to recycle PET by a process of methanolysis, but it closed the plant due to economic pressures.

Another potential option is the conversion of assorted polymers into petroleum by a much less precise thermal depolymerization process. Such a process would be able to accept almost any polymer or mix of polymers, including thermoset materials such as vulcanized rubber tires and the biopolymers in feathers and other agricultural waste. Like natural petroleum, the chemicals produced can be made into fuels as well as polymers. A pilot plant of this type exists in Carthage, Missouri, USA, using turkey waste as input material. See the main article on thermal depolymerization. Gasification is a similar process, but is not plastic recycling machine since polymers are not likely to become the result.

Recently, a process has also been developed in which many kinds of plastic can be used as a carbon source in the recycling of scrap steel.

Yet another process that is gaining ground with startup companies (especially in Australia, United States and Japan) is heat compression.[citation needed] The heat compression process takes all unsorted, cleaned plastic in all forms, from soft plastic bags to hard industrial waste, and mixes the load in tumblers (large rotating drums resembling giant clothes dryers). The most obvious benefit to this method is the fact that all plastic is recyclable, not just matching forms. However, criticism rises from the energy costs of rotating the drums, and heating the post-melt pipes.

from:answers

A. Hydraulic system leaks from the main body and the reasons can be summarized as follows:

1, pipe fittings and oil plug, pipe fittings oil spill occurred in the majority of Manifold, valves floor, tubular components and other parts connected with the pipe joints, when the pipe joints with metric thread connections, would cause the leakage of combination washer without good seal ; taper pipe thread and the screw thread connection can not be fully fit easily between the block leakage. In both cases the event is difficult to cure, only with liquid sealant or Teflon tape to seal filling.

2, plate valves, stack valves leak between joints are mainly: the O-ring installation of a knocking, scratching, installation screws long, strong enough, will have a spill. The solution: To solve the above problem be handled separately.

3, resulting in leakage of hydraulic cylinders are more reasons, such as the rod surface adhesion of dust mud and water, salt spray, surface bump injuries, migraine and other reasons set out will result in seal damage, failure caused by oil spills. The solution as far as possible not to make hydraulic cylinders to withstand partial load, often wipe the dust on the piston rod, to avoid knocking, scratching, improving the management of hydraulic oil cleanliness.

4, temperature fever caused by the leakage of the more serious phenomenon, can decrease oil viscosity, or deterioration, so that increases in leakage; the temperature continues to rise and lead to increased expansion of sealing material after the heat friction, so wear faster, axial rotating or sliding parts leak very quickly.  O-ring expansion and deformation caused by thermal aging, after cooling of restitution, loss of elasticity and failure, has the effect of leakage.

Recommendation: regular inspections, regular maintenance and timely treatment are to prevent leakage, reduce the minimum guarantee failure.

  B. Hydraulic system inspection and maintenance of when the hydraulic system overhauls note:

1.  The system work, the shutdown did not pressure relief when not cut off the control power, the ban on system maintenance, prevent the occurrence of human casualties.

2,  Hydraulic transmission is designed with simple structure, stable quality, machinery, high efficiency, easy automation, pet bottle washing line ,and many other advantages. Therefore, at present, many large and medium-sized machines are hydraulic transmission, hydraulic technology, but there are oil spills, oil temperature change of control of speed, noise and other defects. How to safely and effectively so that hydro-mechanical operation, according to the system pressure, operating speed, working fuel, ambient temperature and correctly use hydraulic oil, rational use and maintenance, long-term to maintain oil excellent performance and play the best work of performance, is the key to the work. On this point, according to standard operation, scientific management is to take certain preventive measures.
3, to prevent pollution of impurities mixed with hydraulic oil
(1) hydraulic oil, oil drums to be set up in a clean safe place to strengthen management. Used oil drums, oil filter, oil funnel, tubing, etc. should be kept clean. Shipments of hydraulic oil drums must be cleaned in advance, barrels need special, not mixed with other barrels.

 (2) Hydraulic machinery should always be kept clean to prevent dust and debris falling into the oil, the fuel tank should be stamped with seals.

(3) The oil tank should be based on the work of regular replacement. In the oil change, should the fuel tank at the bottom of the dirt accumulated impurities removed, the fuel tank in clean water.
 4, oil pollution of the simple identification methods are:

 (1) Eyesight inspection. Limit of normal human vision is generally about 40μm. Therefore, the oil in the dirt, impurities when the particle size is greater than 40μm, the human eyesight which can see, when the eyesight can be directly observed when the polluted material to illustrate the work of the oil has been dirty, and must be replaced.

(2) In vitro in comparison. With the tube of the new oil and use oil to compare, such as the use of the oil found in the color rendering black and fetid, the must be replaced. Such as color,pet bottle washing line, when there is no change in turbidity, indicating oil contains water, after a clarification to exclude moisture, the oil can continue to use. Such as a transparent color lighter without odor, you may mix of heterogeneous oil, as long as the proper viscosity or you can continue to use.

 (3) to take a drop of the use of heating oil were placed in experimental filter paper, and make it drop down, such as the existence of solid impurities, the residue will be in the filter paper thin black spots, indicating a lot of impurities contained in oil, should not continue in usage.

(4) To ascertain whether the oil-containing water used can be an iron plate heated to 250 Celsius degree is about to drop the use of iron on the drop of oil, if any crack, indicating that contains water. Oil is not water is a silent burning.
5, to prevent air entering the hydraulic system

   In order to prevent air into the hydraulic system, in the use and maintenance should note the following points:

 (1) Petroleum regular checks of the fuel tank height to maintain sufficient oil.

(2) In the working process, the oil will be wear and tear, the importance of timely addition of new oil on the same specifications.

(3) Even if a minimum of oil, the oil absorption tube 1: 3 and the return pipe entrance should be kept below the oil surface.

(4) Use a good seal performance, seal failure should be promptly replaced; pipe joints and the joints at the screw must be tightened.

from:bxkm|pet bottle washing line

Is extruder alignment important? You bet it is. And the larger and longer the plastic pipe extrusion line , the more important it becomes.
An extruder that is poorly aligned causes excessive wear and tear on both the screw and barrel. The movement of the barrel as it tries to accommodate a screw that is being bent on each rotation can cause several other undesirable effects, such as screw breakage, heater crawl, additional drive load, and even die movement in plastic extrusion line .
I’ve witnessed first-hand the destructive force that results from an improperly aligned machine. This particular case involved a 4.5-in. extruder with a 36:1 L/D. Here, the barrel was not correctly aligned when installed, and as a result it constantly moved or “wiggled” when operating. The heater bands crawled forward, eventually shearing off some of the thermocouple wells. The screw broke after only about four months of operation. In this case, the barrel had two supports. The barrel was cleaned and measured with an optical alignment scope. It had the alignment shown in the accompanying illustration.

The screw was bent into an “S” shape due to the improper alignment and design of the two supports. Forcing the rotating screw to conform to a bent barrel causes an enormous amount of pressure to build between the screw flight and the barrel. In this case the screw flights wore more than 0.055-in. and the barrel more than 0.015-in. in the “worst wear” area before the screw broke. Even when the strength of the flights is ignored, it would take a radial force in excess of 155,000 lb to bend the screw over the distance shown as the “wear area.” In this case, the pressure simply forced the screw flights into the barrel with such force that adhesive wear developed, tearing the metal alloys off both surfaces. Finally, this continuous and increasing bending exceeded the fatigue strength of the screw, causing it to break. Interestingly, the drive motor load was high and unstable during this period, but the operator attributed this to the screw design.

The barrel must be aligned to the driving mechanism, which is the drive quill of the gear box. Alignment by leveling is completely useless, as it is not indicative of the drive quill and only measures the vertical plane. The proper procedure is to place an optical or laser alignment scope inside the drive quill and align it to a fixed centerline by rotating the drive quill. The barrel and feed throat are then aligned to that centerline by adjusting the barrel supports or the mounting faces in the case of the feed throat.
Barrel supports of the proper design are necessary to make and maintain a good alignment. I prefer a two-point system, as shown in the diagram, but there are a number of other good designs. The important point is that the barrel must be able to freely expand through the support(s) as it is heated—with no distortion. The barrel should never be locked down by a support that completely surrounds it so it cannot slide easily when expanding. The support points need to be made from a non-corrosive material, such as brass, to prevent corrosion from “freezing” the support. Just as important, the entire barrel support must be rigid enough to maintain its position rather than tipping over as the barrel expands. I see this as a major weakness in many plastic pipe extrusion line .

Steel expands at 0.000006 in./in.-°F, so a 4.5-in., 36:1 barrel at a uniform operating temperature of 450F grows 0.320 in. longer when heated from room temperature. Plain and simple: If it can’t grow in a straight line it will bend. To see if your supports are working properly, open the covers and note the fresh wear mark on the barrel where the barrel slides through the support. If they do not closely correspond to the calculated expansion, there is a problem with your support system.
Due to the bending of light by heat waves, barrels must be aligned when cold, whether aligned optically or by laser. When a barrel is heated it does not necessarily maintain the same position as when cold, so it is important to make some additional checks after the initial heat-up to be sure the alignment has resolved any issues. This can be done by placing dial indicators at 90° angles on the discharge flange to see if the barrel has significant deflection when heat is applied. Some things that could cause such deflection are a support that is not functioning properly, unbalanced heating due to burned-out heater halves, half heaters around a vent, or a structural weakness.

The larger and longer the plastic extrusion line, the more critical is the alignment. In general, the importance of aligning extruders 3.5-in. or smaller is often considered redundant to the manufacturer’s original alignment, unless they are exceptionally long. For larger or longer extruders the bases are seldom rigid enough to guarantee maintenance of the manufacturer’s alignment.
There are quite a number of capable extruder alignment technicians available with the proper equipment and techniques, but there are also a number offering an incomplete or even incorrect service. It’s best to question how they are going to perform the alignment.

from: bxkm|plastic extrusion line

Plastics extrusion line is a high volume manufacturing process in which raw plastic material is melted and formed into a continuous profile. Extrusion produces items such as pipe/tubing, weather stripping, window frames, adhesive tape and wire insulation.
In the plastic pipe extrusion line , raw thermoplastic material in the form of small beads (often called resin in the industry) is gravity fed from a top mounted hopper into the barrel of the extruder. Additives such as colorants and UV inhibitors (in either liquid or pellet form) are often used and can be mixed into the resin prior to arriving at the hopper.

The material enters through the feed throat (an opening near the rear of the barrel) and comes into contact with the screw. The rotating screw (normally turning at up to 120 rpm) forces the plastic beads forward into the barrel which is heated to the desired melt temperature of the molten plastic (which can range from 200 °C (392 °F) to 275 °C (527 °F) depending on the polymer). In most processes, a heating profile is set for the barrel in which three or more independent PID controlled heater zones gradually increase the temperature of the barrel from the rear (where the plastic enters) to the front. This allows the plastic beads to melt gradually as they are pushed through the barrel and lowers the risk of overheating which may cause degradation in the polymer.

Extra heat is contributed by the intense pressure and friction taking place inside the barrel. In fact, if an Plastics extrusion line is running a certain material fast enough, the heaters can be shut off and the melt temperature maintained by pressure and friction alone inside the barrel. In most extruders, cooling fans are present to keep the temperature below a set value if too much heat is generated. If forced air cooling proves insufficient then cast-in heater jackets are employed, and they generally use a closed loop of distilled water in heat exchange with tower or city water.

At the front of the barrel, the molten plastic leaves the screw and travels through a screen pack to remove any contaminants in the melt. The screens are reinforced by a breaker plate (a thick metal puck with many holes drilled through it) since the pressure at this point can exceed 5000 psi (34 MPa). The screen pack/breaker plate assembly also serves to create back pressure in the barrel. Back pressure is required for uniform melting and proper mixing of the polymer, and how much pressure is generated can be 'tweaked' by varying screen pack composition (the number of screens, their wire weave size, and other parameters). This breaker plate and screen pack combination also does the function of converting "rotational memory" of the molten plastic into "longitudinal memory".

After passing through the breaker plate molten plastic enters the die. The die is what gives the final product its profile and must be designed so that the molten plastic evenly flows from a cylindrical profile, to the product's profile shape. Uneven flow at this stage would produce a product with unwanted stresses at certain points in the profile. These stresses can cause warping upon cooling. Almost any shape imaginable can be created so long as it is a continuous profile.

The product must now be cooled and this is usually achieved by pulling the extrudate through a water bath. Plastics are very good thermal insulators and are therefore difficult to cool quickly. Compared with steel, plastic conducts its heat away 2000 times more slowly. In a tube or pipe extrusion line , a sealed water bath is acted upon by a carefully controlled vacuum to keep the newly formed and still molten tube or pipe from collapsing. For products such as plastic sheeting, the cooling is achieved by pulling through a set of cooling rolls.

Sometimes on the same line a secondary process may occur before the product has finished its run. In the manufacture of adhesive tape, a second extruder melts adhesive and applies this to the plastic sheet while it’s still hot. Once the product has cooled, it can be spooled, or cut into lengths for later use.

from:wiki

YAKIMA, Wash. —

By now you've probably figured out that glass is garbage in Yakima.

And recyclers and solid waste managers say that will be a fact of life for the foreseeable future given the economy and markets.

After several warnings that the day was coming, local recyclers quietly stopped taking clear glass last summer. Colored glass - primarily wine and beer bottles - had already been rejected for years.

Aside from hauling it yourself to Seattle or Portland, there's not much you can do with glass bottles and jars anymore except put them in the garbage.

That may come as a rude shock to people who think green, many of whom have never thrown away glass before.

"Glass is a tough one, especially here in Central Washington," laments Chris Piercy, a solid waste planner for the state Department of Ecology.

"We're not close to markets, it's heavy, it breaks, and when it breaks it ends up in paper (being recycled), which is no good.

"On the bright side, fewer products are being made from glass, and it's not a horribly bad material to not divert" from landfills.

To understand the problem with glass, it first helps to understand how waste is recycled in Yakima.

The city does not have a plastic recycling machine . Instead, a company called Yakima Waste Systems provides a voluntary curbside recycling service in the city and much of the surrounding suburban area, such as Moxee and the West Valley.

Meanwhile, several organizations operate drop-off programs, including Central Washington Recycling and Wesley United Methodist Church.

Wesley United stopped taking clear glass at its big drop-off location at 48th Avenue and Chestnut last April. Nobody can even remember when they stopped taking colored glass, it was so long ago.
"The story is, wherever they take glass, they have a five-year stockpile of each color," says Wesley United sanitary engineer Keith Case.

The problem with plastic recycling machinery starts with the fact that glass is cheap to make. Thanks in large part to the plentiful availability of sand, the main ingredient, it is often cheaper than reusing crushed glass, or cullet, that has been prepped for recycling.

Used glass must be sorted by color and cleaned before it can be crushed into cullet. Cleaning dirty and contaminated glass contributes to much of the cost of plastic recycling machinery.

Some communities have bottling manufacturing plants or other industries that make products, such as fiberglass insulation, that use cullet. Yakima does not. Without a direct market, it has to be shipped somewhere else, like Seattle or Portland. Crushed glass is heavy, however, and fuel prices are high.

What Yakima does have is a strong market for recycled paper, which is particularly useful in packaging for the fruit industry.

However, paper and glass don't mix. Broken glass is a big no-no in pulp mills. That's why Yakima Waste Systems in recent years stopped taking glass when it switched from sorted bins to the more-convenient single-container system that curbside customers prefer.

Co-mingling broken glass with paper "creates huge problems for end users," says Scott Robertson of Yakima Waste Systems. "It just doesn't make sense to do."

Vic Valdez of Central Washington Recycling, the region's primary recycling operation since 1977, says the company took glass for years in an effort to be a "full-bore" recycler. The company is a division of Michelsen Packaging, which uses recycled paper in the production of tray liners and other packaging for the fruit industry.

With the economy in shambles, the company could no longer afford to provide the service.

"Glass has never been profitable," says Valdez, "but we can't lose money. There's a big difference."

Residents of Kittitas County can still recycle glass if they want, but that's only because the county is locked into a 10-year contract with a westside garbage hauler.

That contract expires in six months. Patti Johnson, solid waste manager for Kittitas County, predicts the private hauler may not renew for glass.

"It's not high on their priority list, because the market for glass is so bad," she said.

Local experts say the recycling public can more than offset the pain of having to throw away glass by doing a better overall job when it comes to the Three R's: reduce, reuse, recycle.

Mikal Heintz, program coordinator for Yakima County Solid Waste, estimates 70 percent of what goes to the county landfill every day can be recycled.

Glass represents about 2.5 percent of that volume. Paper represents 40 percent.

"There's too much focus on the 2.5 percent that can't be recycled versus all that can," she says. "I mean, cardboard - that's one of the easiest products to recycle, and it's just getting thrown away. Businesses are particularly bad about it."

Piercy, the solid waste planner for state Ecology Department, agrees.

"It's a big wakeup call to go down there" to the landfill, he says. "You can walk around a pile of garbage that comes off a truck and recycle half of it."

Robertson says paper is easier to recycle than many people realize. Anything with food on it is out, but material that used to be problematic, such as staples and envelopes with plastic windows, are no longer a problem.

"What we can't have is the cardboard pizza with half the pizza still in it," he says. "It needs to be clean."

Plastic products are also more recyclable than ever. For years, plastic recycling was limited to materials labeled 1 or 2 (look for the triangle on the bottom of most bottles), but now local recyclers are taking everything from 1 to 7.

That's a good thing, says Heintz, noting the explosive growth in single-serving containers over the past 10 years.

Look for products that are made from recycled content, which improves the market for such products, and consider buying in bulk and using reusable Tupperware-type containers.

"Convenient is only convenient until you have to throw it away," she says.

from:seattletimes.nwsource

Post-consumer polyethylene terephthalate (number 1), also known as PET, is often used as the raw material for a range of products. To obtain the pure PET, the recycled items, such as plastic bottles and containers(the main use for PET), are first inspected for any non PET materials.These materials are then removed and the PET items are sorted into different color fractions, cleaned, and prepared for processing.This sorted post-consumer PET waste is crushed, chopped into flakes, pressed into bales, and offered for sale.

One use for this recycled PET that has recently started to become popular is to create fabrics to be used in the clothing industry.The fabrics are created by spinning the PET flakes into thread and yarn.This is done just as easily as creating polyester from brand new PET.The recycled PET thread or yarn can be used either alone or together with other fibers to create a very wide variety of fabrics. Traditionally these fabrics were used to create strong, durable, rough, products, such as jackets, coat, shoes, bags, hats, and accessories. However, these fabrics are usually too rough on the skin and could cause irritation.
Therefore, they usually are not used on any clothing that may irritate the skin, or where comfort is required. But in today’s new eco-friendly world there has been more of a demand for “green” products. As a result, many clothing companies have started looking for ways to take advantage of this new market and new innovations in the use of recycled PET fabric are beginning to develop. These innovations included different ways to process the fabric,to use the fabric, or blend the fabric with other materials.Some of the fabrics that are leading the industry in these innovations include Billabong's Eco-Supreme Suede,Livity's Rip-Tide III,Wellman Inc's Eco-fi(formerly known as EcoSpun),and Reware's Rewoven.Some additional companies that take pride in using pet bottle recycling line in their products are Crazy Shirts and Playback.


PVC- or Vinyl Recycling has historically been difficult to perfect on the industrial scale. But within the last decade several viable methods for recycling PVC plastic have been developed.

The most-often recycled plastic, HDPE or number 2, is downcycled into plastic lumber, tables, roadside curbs, benches, truck cargo liners, trash receptacles, stationery (e.g. rulers) and other durable plastic products and is usually in demand.

The white plastic foam peanuts used as packing material are often accepted by shipping stores for reuse.

In Israel successful trials have shown that plastic films recovered from mixed municipal waste streams can be recycled into useful household products such as buckets.

Similarly, agricultural plastics such as mulch film, drip tape and silage bags are being diverted from the waste stream and successfully recycled  into much larger products for industrial applications such as plastic composite railroad ties. Historically, these agricultural plastics have primarily been either landfilled or burned on-site in the fields of individual farms.

CNN reports that Indian Dr. S. Madhu of the Kerala Highway Research Institute has formulated a road surface that includes plastic recycling machine . Aggregate, bitumen (asphalt) with plastic that has been shredded and melted at a temperature below 220 degrees C (428 °F) to avoid pollution. This road surface is claimed to be very durable and monsoon rain resistant. The plastic is sorted by hand, which is economical in India. The test road used 60 kg of plastic for an approx. 500m long, 8m wide, two-lane road.

from:wiki

Plastic recycling is the process of recovering scrap or waste plastics and reprocessing the material into useful products, sometimes completely different in form from their original state. For instance, this could mean melting down soft drink bottles then casting them as plastic chairs and tables.

Before recycling, plastics are sorted according to their resin identification code, a method of categorization of polymer types, which was developed by the Society of the Plastics Industry in 1988. Polyethylene terephthalate, commonly referred to as PET, for instance, has a resin code of 1.

When compared to other materials like glass and metal materials, plastic polymers require greater processing to be recycled.  Plastics have a low entropy of mixing, which is due to the high molecular weight of their large polymer chains. A macromolecule interacts with its environment along its entire length, so its enthalpy of mixing is large compared to that of an organic molecule with a similar structure. Heating alone is not enough to dissolve such a large molecule; because of this, plastics must often be of nearly identical composition in order to mix efficiently.

When different types of plastics are melted together they tend to phase-separate, like oil and water, and set in these layers. The phase boundaries cause structural weakness in the resulting material, meaning that polymer blends are only useful in limited applications.

Another barrier to recycling is the widespread use of dyes, fillers, and other additives in plastics. The polymer is generally too viscous to economically remove fillers, and would be damaged by many of the processes that could cheaply remove the added dyes. Additives are less widely used in beverage containers and plastic bags, allowing them to be recycled more frequently.

The use of biodegradable plastics is increasing. If some of these get mixed in the other plastics for recycling, the reclaimed plastic is not recyclable because the variance in properties and melt temperatures.

Many such problems can be resolved by using a more elaborate monomer recycling process, in which a condensation polymer essentially undergoes the inverse of the polymerization reaction used to manufacture it. This yields the same mix of chemicals that formed the original polymer, which can be purified and used to synthesize new polymer chains of the same type. Du Pont opened a pilot plant of this type in Cape Fear, North Carolina, USA, to recycle PET bottle by a process of methanolysis, but it closed the plant due to economic pressures.

Another potential option is the conversion of assorted polymers into petroleum by a much less precise thermal depolymerization process. Such a process would be able to accept almost any polymer or mix of polymers, including thermoset materials such as vulcanized rubber tires and the biopolymers in feathers and other agricultural waste. Like natural petroleum, the chemicals produced can be made into fuels as well as polymers. A pilot plant of this type exists in Carthage, Missouri, USA, using turkey waste as input material. See the main article on thermal depolymerization. Gasification is a similar process, but is not technically recycling since polymers are not likely to become the result.

Recently, a process has also been developed in which many kinds of plastic can be used as a carbon source in the plastic recycling machinery of scrap steel.

Yet another process that is gaining ground with startup companies (especially in Australia, United States and Japan) is heat compression.[citation needed] The heat compression process takes all unsorted, cleaned plastic in all forms, from soft plastic bags to hard industrial waste, and mixes the load in tumblers (large rotating drums resembling giant clothes dryers). The most obvious benefit to this method is the fact that all plastic is recyclable, not just matching forms. However, criticism rises from the energy costs of rotating the drums, and heating the post-melt pipes.

from:wiki

Blow molders have had their choice of materials expanded substantially in the past few months, including a number of grades launched at the plastics in automotive conference in Mannheim, Germany this spring.
 
At that event, Pádraig Naughton, engineering leader for Dow Automotive (Auburn Hills, MI), said his firm expects its recent integration of its automotive plastics operations with its polyurethane foam division will help it get even more commercial applications of the blow molded rear seatbacks it developed with processor Möller Tech (Bielefeld, Germany).
 
These seatbacks already are commercial in the Audi TT and Audi A3 Cabrio. Two other cars entering start of production (SOP) this year also will include the seats, again blow molded by Möller Tech and all using Dows Pulse PC/ABS. The two new vehicles seatbacks will have headrests integrated into them, which the current commercial versions do not. Seats so far have been for small vehicles with 50:50 rear seat splits, "but were developing for the 60:40 split," says Naughton, referring to the one large seat/one small seat split seen in the backs of most passenger cars. In every case, about 20-25% of seatback weight has been reduced, and Naughton predicts the weight reduction will be even greater for 60:40 rear seats. Dow owns the patents for the application, and he says it has seen tremendous interest from carmakers in North America and Japan.
 
Also at that event, plastics supplier Laxness (Leverkusen, Germany) introduced a range of PA 6 and 66 grades marketed for processing of parts used in engine air management, such as air supply lines, charge-air pipes, and intake air lines. They process via standard or sequential extrusion blow molding , or suction blow molding. The PA 66 grades can withstand peak loads of 200C. The no reinforced PA 6, Urethane DP BC 600 HTS, has an elasticity modulus of only about 350 MPa (conditioned), meaning it can be suction blow molded as a single-material solution, for example to make charge-air pipes with integrated flexible bellows. To date, these are sequentially blow molded of two polyamides of differing hardness. "With this innovation, we are responding to the increasing trend toward turbocharged engines in which the charge-air pipes incorporate flexible bellows," said Ralf Zimnol, head of application development-automotive for semi crystalline materials.

from:bxkm|plastic recycling machine

The 11th International Exhibition of raw materials, equipment and technology for plastics «Plastics Industry Show-2010» took place in Moscow September 27-30, 2010.
The market of plastics is experiencing a continuous growth. Recent development of construction, packaging and automobile industries as well as other industries in many regions leads to constantly increasing demand on plastic production. «Plastics Industry Show-2010» provided a great opportunity to obtain an overview of innovative technologies in plastics industry. This year the exhibition was visited by more than five thousand people. Exhibitors noted that the majority of visitors were specialists in polymer industry and related sectors, as a result many contracts and deals were concluded directly at the exhibition.

      Such leaders of domestic and foreign markets like Belneftehimros, Group Poliplastik, Plastavtomatik, Promplast Industry, Bayer, Cybertech, Haitian, Piovan, the Association of Italian manufacturers of plastic and rubber Assocomaplast were among manufacturers that presented innovational materials and technologies this year. All in all, the exhibition was attended by more than 160 companies from 13 countries. More than 35 manufacturers from China and Taiwan, participating in the exhibition, expressed great satisfaction from the Exhibition.

       A wide range of plastic extrusion line equipment deserved attention of visitors. Italian manufacturers show latest development in software for production management as well as a robot manipulator for the molding machine. Domestic producers demonstrated fully automatic high speed bag making machine. The exhibition also presented a number of high efficient extruders and plastic injection molding machines. All exhibitors point out that the main trend nowadays is decreasing electricity, labor and others costs. Economical methods of manufacturing as well as plastic recycling machine technologies were topical this year.

from:BXKM|plastic recycling machine

    With economic development and rural industrial structure adjustment, China's various industries on the market demand for plastic film on the rise. The 20th century, 90 years later, with the petrochemical and plastic products industry's rapid development, China plastic recycling machinery is growing rapidly.

2007 from January to November, China's plastic film manufacturing industry to achieve total industrial output value 107,748,703,000 yuan, an increase of 25.36 percent over the same period last year; to achieve total product sales revenue 102,492,420,000 yuan, an increase of 23.04 percent over the same period last year; to achieve cumulative total profit 3,573,387,000 yuan, an increase of 67.77 percent over the same period last year.

        2008 from January to November, China's plastic recycling machine industry to achieve total industrial output value 124,104,903,000 yuan, an increase of 14.04 percent over the same period last year; to achieve total product sales revenue 117,913,076,000 yuan, an increase of 14.12 percent over the same period last year; to achieve cumulative total profit 4,223,539,000 yuan, an increase of 18.29 percent over the same period last year.
 
         China plastic film production accounts for about 20% of the total output of plastic products, plastic products faster output growth in one of the categories. From China, plastic film (thickness 0.06mm-0.26mm) of the applications view, use the largest and most varied, the most widely used is the packaging industry, followed by agriculture, then there is a functional film, such as the microporous film, shielding film, geomembrane and so on. In theory almost all the synthetic resin film may be, but it makes economic sense, become a commodity, is the biggest amount of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate glycol ester (PET), polystyrene (PS), ethylene / vinyl acetate (EVA), polyamide (PA) and other resins. If added to resin matrix suitable for plastic additives, you can prepare the required features of thin films.

        Plastic film used for industrial production methods are rolling method and plastic extrusion line method, in which France is divided into extrusion blown film extrusion, cast extrusion, extrusion stretch (also known as the second molding), etc., is currently Extrusion Applications most widely used, especially for polyolefin film processing, while the rolling method is mainly used for a number of PVC film production.
         With economic development, people's living standards improved, and rural industrial structure adjustment, China's various industries on the plastic film demand will continue to rise. What's more, China, as an agricultural country, in the process of modernization of agriculture, the demand for plastic is much greater than the proportion of advanced industrial countries, the plastic film in China has a huge market space.

from:News|bxkm-machine

PLASTIMAGEN MEXICO 2010 is the leading trade show in Latin America, where sector professionals gather for business opportunities between Mexico and other countries. This exhibition brings together more than 30,000 sector professionals, coming from over 30 different countries.

PLASTIMAGEN MEXICO 2010 brings more than 800 exhibitors, from 21 countries together in 27,000 sqm of exhibition space to showcase the latest in technology, plastic recycling machinery and equipment, raw materials, custom plastics processors, molds, robotics, components, software, instrumentation, process controls and services for the plastics industry; the most complete offering in Mexico and Latin America for such sectors as pharmaceutical, food and beverage, automotive, electronic, health care,  packaging, cosmetics,  among others. All of them related to the production, commercialization and plastic recycling machine .With over 1000 machines running during the show and many new products to be presented for the first time in Latin America.

PLASTIMAGEN MEXICO attendees will be able to find the technology and solutions to strengthen their plastic recycling machine and services in the world market. This exhibition features 12 international pavilions from Austria, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Italy, Korea, Portugal, Spain (2 pavilions), Taiwan and the United States.